Method and apparatus for justifying right hand margins



P 1966 T. B. HOLLIDAY 3,273,685

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR JUSTIFYING RIGHT HAND MARGINS Filed June 27, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

Sept. 20, 1966 T. B. HOLLIDAY 3,273,685

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR JUSTIFYING RIGHT HAND MARGINS Filed June 27, 1963 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR flaw ore 55 vVa/lfoay,

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METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR JUSTIFYING RIGHT HAND MARGINS Filed June 27, 1963 INVENTOR.

BY 2 g m ,I/IMW United States Patent 3,273,685 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR JUSTIFYING RIGHT HAND MARGINS Theodore B. Holliday, 248 Arlington Ave., Elmhurst, 111. Filed June 27, 1963, Ser. No. 291,194 2 Claims. ((11. 197-84) This invent-ion relates to a method and typewriter assembly for justifying right hand margins on paper.

An object of this invention is a method and typewriter assembly for justifying right hand margins on paper without requiring duplicate typing of a line.

Another object is a method and assembly for justifying right hand margins on paper without incurring the likelihood of error present in duplicate typing.

Another object is a method and typewriter assembly to justify a typewritten line by pressing of deformable ribbon having raised and inked typing impressions against a sheet of paper.

Another object is a method and typewriter assembly in which horizontally immovable paper in a typewriter is pressed against a deformable embossed ribbon which has been stretched to justify the right hand margin.

Another object is a method and typewriter assembly in which typing paper is held horizontally immovable in a typewriter carriage, and a flexible deformable ribbon is moved to receive raised impressions of typing characters at a spaced relationship to the typing paper.

Another object is a method and typewriter assembly in which a flexible deformable ribbon has received a line of raised impressions, and has been stretched to justify the right hand margin before printing the raised impressions on the paper.

Another object is a method and typewriter assembly in which a stiff flexible ribbon is deformed and inked at a contact point spaced from the paper, and is then stretched to justify the right hand margin before being pressed to the paper.

Another object is a method and typewriter assembly for justifying right hand margins in a typewriter having a separable carriage adapted for joinder with different key sections of selected type fonts.

The foregoing objects are realized along with other objects which will occur by the invention which will be described in detail and which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of the typewriter assembly,

FIGURE 2 is another perspective of the carriage separated from the key section,

FIGURE 3 is a partial front elevational view of the carriage with parts removed, and

FIGURE 4 is a top plan view of the carriage with parts removed.

A keyboard or key section generally shown as is attached to a base 11 and carriage 12 in an offset relationship. The offset or staggered position of the base and carriage to the key section has advantages which will be more fully described in a later portion.

The key section is conventional in that it includes the customary letter keys, space bar, shift keys and the like. Such keys are connected by interconnecting Links within keyboard section 10 to conventional type bars found in typewriters such as diagrammatically indicated at 13. Such conventional linkage will not be further described since it is not an essential feature of the invention. Details of such a representative linkage may be found, for example, in the Instructions Manual" for the Remington Standard Typewriter, SM93, Rev. 2, Remington Rand, 315 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y., p. 19,

3,273,685 Patented Sept. 20, 1966 27-32. It is understood that a given key section will have a characteristic type font and that other type fonts may be used.

The carriage is conventional insofar as it has a roller 15, a knob 16 to turn the roller and a clutch means 17 to control the vertical spacing of the lines on the paper. Other well known and appropriate structures and elements will be present on the carriage but they will not be discussed herein since they are not essential to understand the practice of the invention.

An important feature provides that the paper is secured against horizontal movement in the carriage. Whereas conventional typewriters provide that the roller or platen makes excursions from right to left to horizontally move the paper, such paper movement does not occur in the present assembly. Lines of character type will be impressed on the paper by a procedure which requires that the paper moves only in a vertical manner, that is, the paper is moved in spaced steps from top to bottom to accommodate succeeding lines of character impression on the paper.

It is provided that the typewriter assembly may have a carriage which is separable from the key section so that a different key section with a selected type font may be substituted. One embodiment to teach such a separable carriage is shown in FIGURE 2 wherein the carriage 12 is shown in arrested separation from the base 11 and key section 10. Dowel pins 25 and 26 on the underside of the carriage may be used to register with sockets 27 and 28 in the base. Grooves 29 and 30 in the dowel pins may coact with locking collars or the like, which are not shown but which would be present in the sockets. While complete key sections may be substituted it is also intended that only type font units may be changed such as the globe type fonts recently introduced in the typewriting art.

In this particular embodiment, the base may be secured by bolts, welds or the like in an offset relationship to the key section. When the carriage is mounted on the base, it also will be offset in relation to the key section. The offset portion allows the type bars to contact the ribbon at a contact point spaced laterally from the paper.

The type bars connected through appropriate links to the key tabs will contact a ribbon 31 at a contact point shown generally as 33, and preferably including an inked contact pad 32 so that the impression may be inked at the time it is formed. The ribbon is shown extended transversely of the carriage. A holder 35 and a holder 36 are on each end of the carriage. Holder 35 has a supply reel 41a and holder 36 has a take-up reel 40a. The ribbon is fed by the supply reel at one end and gathered up by the take-up reel at the other end. The ribbon is not the conventional typewriter ribbon but is a material which is deformed or embossed after contact with a type bar. This deformable material is more or less permanently set with a raised impression when the type bar strikes it at the contact point which preferably has a supply of ink. The extended length of the ribbon is normally spaced from the paper at the time when the impressions are made in the ribbon material, and the inked ribbon is later pressed against the paper to transfer the impressions.

A wide variety of materials may be selected and used as ribbons in the practice of the invention. Among such material are different synthetic resins which are extruded, molded or poured as thin films. Such materials may receive a raised impression or may be embossed, and further may be lengthened by stretching. The stretch of such deformable materials need be only slight, say about 5-10 percent, based on its original length.

Among the synthetic resin materials which may be used to advantage are the films of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, and several nylon resin forms which may be laid down as a thin film from an organic solvent solution. 'It is also intended that various paper materials impregnated or combined with different resin materials can be used to form deformable ribbons for impressing typing characters and for stretching as set out herein.

A flexible deformable ribbon having the properties disclosed will have sufficient body rigidity so that it will assume and hold .bent and twisted positions, in general. In other words, the ribbon will have a stiffness which permits handling without undue sagging or the like. Accordingly, such a ribbon may be twisted as at 41 and 40 as it respectively leaves the supply reel 41a in holder 35 and enters the take-up reel 40a in holder 36. The extended length of the ribbon between such reels will also maintain its positional stability in front of the roller, as shown in the drawings. Supporting brackets, however, such as 42 and 43 may be placed on the carriage to support the extended ribbon towards its opposite ends.

Conventional advancing means are provided in the typewriter mechanism for moving the ribbon after a raised impression has been formed. The ribbon is advanced as in a conventional typewriter, for example, a shaft 46 of a reel may communicate to a ribbon drive mechanism through means indicated diagrammatically at 46a. Such a drive mechanism is not described because it does not comprise an essential part of the invention, but such means are described, for example, in the Instruction Manual for the Remington Standard Typewriter, cited above, particularly pages 11 and 12. Such a ribbon will move one space corresponding to the dimensions of the typing character so that a succeeding typing character may be impressed on the ribbon in ad joining relationship. The ribbon will continue to move towards the take-up reel as succeeding characters are impressed. This may be done by a mechanism similar to a conventional typewriter where the ribbon is advanced by rotating the take-up reel. It is evident that the takeup reel could be turned manually which suitable stop means to advance the ribbon a discrete distance corresponding to the dimensions of a character. The line of raised impressions on the ribbon is extended until a line is slightly shorter than the length between the left hand guide margin 47 and the right hand guide margin 48. The line of raised impressions have been preferably at contact pad when the raised impressions were formed at the contact point.

The inked line of raised impressions on the ribbon will be generally disposed between a clamp 51 towards the take-up reel 40a in holder 36 and a clamp 52 towards the supply reel 41a in holder 35. Such clamps are slidably engaged on a guide bar 53 which may be attached to the carriage by arms 55 and 56. The clamps may be fixed in position on the guide bar by means such as set screws 60, 61. The guide bar also holds a slideable support 62 having a roller 63 thereon. The support roller may slide along the length of the guide bar and may also pivot towards and away from the ribbon. A set screw 64 may also be used to fix the support roller in a position against the roller, or in various positions away from the roller.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

A typed paper with a justified margin can be used for photolithography or may be used as a prototype copy by a linotype operator, printer or the like. The prior art method of first typing the line, counting left-over spaces and then justifying by re-typing the line is obviously cumbersome, inefiicient and liable to human error.

A typing page has guide margins 47 and 48 set or placedon the right-hand side and the left-hand side of the paper. The paper is placed in a carriage 12 of the typewriter assembly and secured against horizontal movement. This has been accomplished by fixing the carriage against excursions from side to side, in particular, the roller is fixed so rotational movement is the only movement permitted. It is preferred to separably attach a carriage to the key section, and the carriage has been shown as attached to a base 11 which is fixed to the key section. In this way, different key sections of selected type font may be used in the typewriting step.

A flexible deformable ribbon is embossed or formed with a raised impression by a character of a type bar in the key section. While the paper in the carriage is fixed against horizontal movement, the ribbon moves transversely across the paper as succeeding raised impressions are formed and inked at a contact point 33 spaced laterally of the paper. The inked contact pad 32 is fixed to one side of the carriage, and the carriage is shown offset from the key section. The contact pad is then in position to be contacted by the type bars. The moving ribbon, with raised and inked impressions, will then straddle the sheet of paper and may be proof read for errors before pressing the ribbon against the paper. This is an additional advantage because the chance of imprinting a line with errors is virtually eliminated.

A ribbon line of raised impressions is formed so the line is slightly less than the distance between the guide margins on the paper. It is only after the ribbon line has been formed and inked, that the impression is transferred to the paper. This transfer is made with the right-hand margin just-ified. One end of the ribbon is secured by clamps or the like and the first raised impression of the ribbon line is aligned with one guide margin on the paper. The other end of the ribbon is fixed as by clamping means and is pulled so that the ribbon stretches until the last raised impression is aligned with the other guide margin. The stretch is generally about 5% of its original ribbon length. Means are then used to press the justified margin line against the paper, and such means may include a roller 63 which is pivotally and slidably fixed to a guide bar 53 of the typewriter assembly.

The disclosure has described the preferred practice of inking the ribbon and forming the impression simultaneously. Other means may, however, be used to ink the ribbon. This may be due subsequently to forming the impressions or the ink may be incorporated within a ribbon which releases the ink after being struck by the type bar.

While the invention has been described in terms of a number of preferred embodiments thereof, its scope is intended to be limited only by the claims here appended.

I claim:

1. A typewriter assembly to justify right-hand margins of paper which includes, in combination, a key section linked to character bars, a carriage joined to the key section, said carriage adapted to fix a paper against horizontal movement, a contact point spaced laterally of the paper, a supply reel of flexible, deformable ribbon on one end of the typewriter, a holder for said supply reel on said one end of the typewriter, a take-up reel for the ribbon on the other end of the typewriter, a holder for said take-up reel on said other end of the typewriter, means to move'the ribbon towards the take-up reel after a character has been impressed as a raised impression at the contact point, means to ink the raised impressions, a guide bar attached to the typewriter, a clamp slidably positioned on the bar adapted to fix the ribbon towards the take-up reel, another clamp slidably positioned on the bar, said other clamp adapted to engage and hold the ribbon at a position removed from the last impression so that said other clamp is adapted to pull and stretch the ribbon towards the supply reel, and a roller slidably joined to the guide bar to press the stretched ribbon against a sheet of paper and transfer the impressions from the ribbon to the paper.

2. A typewriter assembly to justify right-hand margins of paper which includes, in combination, a key section linked to character bars, a carriage joined to the key section, said carriage adapted to fix a paper against horizontal movement, a contact point spaced laterally of the paper, a supply reel of flexible, deformable ribbon on one end of the typewriter, a holder for said supply reel on said one end of the typewriter, a take-up reel for the ribbon on the other end of the typewriter, a holder for said takeup reel on said other end of the typewriter, means to move the ribbon towards the take-up reel after a character has been impressed as a raised impression at the contact point, means to ink the raised impressions, means on the typewriter adapted to fix the ribbon towards the take-up reel, adjustable positioning means on the typewriter adapted to engage and hold the ribbon at a position removed from the last impression and to pull and stretch the ribbon toward the supply reel, and movable means on the typewriter adapted to press the stretched ribbon against a sheet of paper and transfer the impressions from the ribbon to the paper.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 198,237 12/1877 Drummond 197-84 198,240 12/ 1877 Drummond 19784 6 Drummond 19784 Cornwall 19784 Savage 19784 Strawn 197150 Spielv-ogel 19784 Schneider 19784 Arndur 19784 Amdur 19784 Landsiedel 19784 Spielv-ogel 19784 Grant 101426 Campbell l97-84.1 Freund 101-426 Germany.

1912 Great Britain.

ROBERT E. PULFREY, Primary Examiner.

DAVID KLEIN, Examiner.

ERNEST R. WRIGHT, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A TYPEWRITER ASSEMBLY TO JUSTIFY RIGHT-HAND MARGINS OF PAPER WHICH INCLUDES, IN COMBINATION, A KEY SECTION LINKED TO CHARACTER BARS, A CARRIAGE JOINED TO THE KEY SECTION, SAID CARRIAGE ADAPTED TO FIX A PAPER AGAINST HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT, A CONTACT POINT SPACED LATERALLY OF THE PAPER, A SUPPLY REEL OF FLEXIBLE, DEFORMABLE RIBBON ON ONE END OF THE TYPEWRITER, A HOLDER FOR SAID SUPPLY REEL ON SAID ONE END OF THE TYPERWRITER, A TAKE-UP REEL FOR THE RIBBON ON THE OTHER END OF THE TYPEWRITER, A HOLDER FOR SAID TAKE-UP REEL ON SAID OTHER END OF THE TYPEWRITER, MEANS TO MOVE THE RIBBON TOWARDS THE TAKE-UP REEL AFTER A CHARACTER HAS BEEN IMPRESSED AS A RAISED IMPRESSION AT THE CONTACT POINT, MEANS TO INK THE RAISED IMPRESSIONS, A GUIDE BAR ATTACHED TO THE TYPEWRITER, A CLAMP SLIDABLY POSITIONED ON THE BAR ADAPTED TO FIX THE RIBBON TOWARDS THE TAKE-UP REEL, ANOTHER CLAMP SLIDABLY POSITIONED ON THE BAR, SAID OTHER CLAMP ADAPTED TO ENGAGE AND HOLD THE RIBBON AT A POSITION REMOVED FROM THE LAST IMPRESSION SO THAT SAID OTHER CLAMP IS ADAPTED TO PULL AND STRETCH THE RIBBON TOWARDS THE SUPPLY REEL, AND A ROLLER SLIDABLY JOINED TO THE GUIDE BAR TO PRESS THE STRETCHED RIBBON AGAINST A SHEET OF PAPER AND TRANSFER THE IMPRESSIONS FROM THE RIBBON TO THE PAPER. 